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voice plus active and causative verbs


_joseph_
site admin
Posts: 119,684
native english
#  Posted: 6 Jan 2007 17:32 KST - Edited by: _joseph_
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There are two types of verbs which look very similar: passive verbs and causative verbs. Then, there is the plain vanilla active voice.

So, which do we use ... the passive voice 수동태, the active voice 능동태 or the causative verb 사동사? or the passive verb 피동사. As you can see, this is a confusing jumble of terms at this point.

The difference between the passive voice and the active voice and the causative verb form is obvious in the following English sentences:

I was eaten by a rabid lion. passive
I ate supper. active voice
I made him eat the monkey head. causative

There is also just normal verbs: eating, drinking, walking .....
I eat is neither passive, nor causative, just the normal active voice 능동태

the normal verbs like I eat, I am drinking, I am walking ...... are not making somebody do something nor are they receiving action, so the default active voice of the verb can be used in these cases.

I believe that Korean has no voices per se. I believe currently that Korean people use the word passive voice/active voice only in instructing about English grammar.

As you may already know, the passive voice in English is to be + past participle and the causative voice really does not exist as a separate verb (i.e. word) by itself, and is usually formed by using make as in: make + object + verb

Additionally, the passive voice verbs do not take an object, whereas the causative verbs and active voice verbs do take an object.

However, although it lacks the concept of voice per se, the Korean language does have passive verbs and causative verbs, which the English language does not have.

So, how do we form the passive verbs and the causative verbs, from the normal active voice verb?

Before answering the question, I want to point out that the difference between the passive to be eaten 먹히다 and the causative to make eat 먹이다 is very small indeed.

In fact, verbs sometimes add 이 to make the passive while other verbs add 이 to make their causative form. So, memorizing these using a rule is often impossible.
For example, compare the following which are passive:

꺽이다 (to be broken)
놓이다 (to have been placed)
섞이다 (to be rotten)
보이다 (to be visible)
쓰이다 (to be used)
파이다 (to be dug)

and the following which are causative:

죽이다 (to kill)
먹이다 (to make eat)
속이다 (to cheat)
높이다 (to make higher, to raise up)
보이다 (to show, to demonstrate)
줄이다 (to cut back on, to reduce)
붙이다 (to stick onto)

You can see that as they both follow the pattern VST + 이다, there is no easy way to remember which is which .... It is just necessary to try your best to memorize them.

As you can now appreciate, the list of the passive verbs and the causative verbs is long and also difficult to memorize.

The rule about using the passive verbs and the causative verbs ... how do we know which one we should use? Well, the answer to that question is that it depends not on grammar but on the meaning you want to convey ... in other words, in the sense you want to convey.

The question What are the passive verbs? and What are the causative verbs? will be answered in the following sections.

The next sections will deliver more detail about:
1. passive
   a. normal construction
   b. 어/아지다 construction
2. causative


curious
anonymous post
#  Posted: 10 May 2007 02:16 KST
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can you translate this pattern please


Vst+게 되다


What is the difference between the two patterns

Vst+다면 and Vst +면


_joseph_
site admin
Posts: 119,684
native english
#  Posted: 10 May 2007 08:00 KST - Edited by: _joseph_
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하다 means to do and 되다 means to become or to just happen like that. 하다 and 되다 are related because
* 하다 takes a direct object (it is transitive 타동사)
* 되다 does not take a direct object (it is intransitive 자동사)

That is,
* 하다: to do
* 되다: to become

게 하다 is a formation used to make a causative formation.
게 되다 is a formation used to make a ??? formation.

For example, 오늘 가게 됐(되+었)어요 means It has happened that I can go today like on freeing of an appointment. Or you can say that the weather 춥게 됐(되+었)어요 it just got cold.....


as for your second question ....


다면 is the unrealizable if and 면 is just if , when. For these, see the korean @ paperwindow posting.

curious
anonymous post
#  Posted: 10 May 2007 15:14 KST
... Re-Sideview ...

조세프 씨
감사합니다

bantu



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