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parts of speech vocabulary (Korean and English)

# Posted: 17 Dec 2006 00:51 KST - Edited by: _joseph_
... Re-Sideview ...

조사: 가, 도, 의, 은, 과, 을, 밖에, 은, 는, 을, 까지, 부터, 이다
these particles all have a meaning which is dealt with in its separate category.
Just look at the topic titles to find the one which interests you.
They are also called auxiliary word particles
They are used on the end of nouns, and are not separated from them by any spaces.

격조사 [格助詞] has the following types. It is a type of speech marker

목적격 조사
부사격 조사

-를 is a 목적격조사 a grammatical object particle. 목적 means object.
It is used when you signal that the word preceding the 를 is the object of a verb.
-와/과 is a 공동격조사 is a together (?) object particle. It means that there are, for example, another subject for the verb.
You can visit this url to explain what the difference is.

체언: like a noun.
this often becomes the subject of a sentence.

adjective/verbs are very closely related; see the separate topic.

verbs are also called 용언, as explained in the following section, the 용언 in this sentence is the verb 받았다.

혜진이는 우등상을 받았다.
이 문장에서 풀이말은 무엇인가요? 그래요, "받았다"가 풀이말이에요.
이런 풀이말을 용언이라고 합니다.

풀이말 means ""predicate"". So does 서술어. In this case, 풀이말 though refers just to the main verb of the predicate.

어간 means the stem of a verb
어미 are the tail endings, which often change and are studied in Korean conversational classes.
the definitions in korean are:

여기에서 바뀌지 않는 부분을 어간이라고 하고, 바뀌는 부분을 어미라고 합니다.

one of the most popular 어미 is the 어/아 어미.

Korean also has adverbs which in Korean are called 부사

a 접미사:

명사나 어간 뒤에 붙어서 그 뜻을 돕거나 품사를 바꾸는 말의 가장 작은 단위

a 접미사 is anything which is attached to an 어간 (용언 verb/adjective stem) and which changes the part of speech ... for example, to a noun or to an adverb.
some examples are:
덮 + 게 → 덮게 (to cover)
굵 + 직하다 → 굵직하다 ()

관형사 [冠形詞] is something which comes before a noun, precedes it, modifies it, but is not an adjective. examples given above are ""that"", ""one"" and the word meaning ""complete"". Examples:

"순 우리말’의 ‘순’ the 순 in 순 우리말 pure Korean
"저 어린이’의 ‘저
"한 사람’의 ‘한’

공대어 : respectful, courtesyful address

낮춤말: familiar speech

서술어가 명사: predicate or noun clause

간접화법: indirect speech

피동사 (被動詞) passive voice

능동사 (能動詞) an active verb? it"s the opposite of the passive voice. A verb which shows activity performed by the subject which acts of its own accord. Examples are the verbs in the following:

철수가 친구를 업다 he carried Chulsoo on his back
"아이가 밥을 먹다" the child ate the rice.
"사냥꾼이 토끼를 잡다" The hunter catch the hare

사동사 (使動詞): causative verbs, where 문장의 주체가 자기 스스로 행하지 않고 남에게 그 행동이나 동작을 하게 함을 나타내는 동사 the subject of the sentence does not act of its own accord but is made to act by something or somebody else.

the opposite of 사동사 is 주동사 (main/principal verb)

sentence types:

declarative 서술 ..... The cat is on the table
interrogative 의문 .... ?
imperative 명령 .... you do that ....
propositive 청유 .... let"s ....

경어법: korean for levels of formality used when speaking

_joseph_ Moderator Posts: 119,684 native english # Posted: 21 Aug 2008 23:01 KST - Edited by: _joseph_ ... Re-Sideview ... Additional korean parts of speech terms are here at hanyangowl.org

_joseph Posts: 824 native english # Posted: 7 Aug 2009 16:55 KST - Edited by: _joseph ... Re-Sideview ... 관형형 어미 are word endings (which of course come on the end of words) unlike the 관형 mentioned above which precede and are separated from the words by a space . examples : ~(으)ㄴ/던

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