# Posted: 5 Jul 2009 00:07 KST - Edited by: _joseph_
... Re-Sideview ...
Informal speech 반말 or 낮춤법
1. 다 dictionary form
2. 어/아 plain form
3. 하게체
다 dictionary form of the verb
Note that there is also just using the plain dictionary-form of the verb. This is not really in the politeness levels. In this form, there is no change from the dictionary form. This is because when you are talking to yourself, or writing in your dairy, honor levels makes no sense anymore because you are not talking to anybody; you are talking to the air or yourself, but no respect-level is required for that.
오늘의 diary diary for today
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날짜: 12월 3일 07년
날씨: 춥다
어/아 plain form : 비격식체 / 해체 / 두루 낮춤
There is 어/아 (plain form). for close friends and gangster-type activity. If you are a foreigner, people understand that and accept this from you more than they do from Korean. So, for native English speakers, it is often over-used, because it is very comfortable.
맞을래? do you want a knuckle sandwich?
parksguide.blogspot.com has the following , and it is an excellent example of spoken, informal speech. Everything is in the 어/아 form and there is no 요 ending.
The following dialogue between two close friends involve the informal spoken forms of verbs.
잘 = well
쇼핑 = shopping
어 = yes
오전 = am
오후 = pm
먼저 갈게 = I will go first
This dialogue should be easy to comprehend.
대화 시작 = The conversation starts
상우: 지우야, 뭐 해?
지우: 밥 먹어.
상우: 어디 가?
지우: 어. 학교 가.
상우: 언제 가?
지우: 9시에.
상우: 왜?
지우: 학교에서 공부해.
상우: 재밌어?
지우: 어. 재밌어.
상우: 어떻게 공부해?
지우: 선생님이 가르쳐 주셔.
상우: 아~ 그래?
지우: 어. 너는 뭐 해?
상우: 나는 쇼핑 가.
지우: 언제?
상우: 오후 3시에.
지우: 밥은 먹었어?
상우: 어. 먹었어. 나 먼저 갈게. 잘 있어~
지우: 잘 가~
Sang-u: Ji-u, what are you doing?
Ji-u: I`m eating.
Sang-u: Where are you going?
Ji-u: I`m going to school.
Sang-u: When are you going?
Ji-u: At 9 o`clock.
Sang-u: Why? [are you going to school?]
Ji-u: I study at school.
Sang-u: Is it fun?
Ji-u: Yes, it`s fun.
Sang-u: How do you study?
Ji-u: My teacher teaches me.
Sang-u: Ahh... really?
Ji-u: Yeap. How about you?
Sang-u: I`ll go shopping
Ji-u: When?
Sang-u: At 3 o`clock pm.
Ji-u: Did you have a meal?
Sang-u: Yes. I have. I`ll go first then. Bye~
Ji-u: Bye~
This is a conversation between Sang-u and Ji-u. This is a type of conversation that is common between close friends, yet it is extremely simple to understand even for beginners of Korean. So pay attention to how these spoken forms are used.
● A list of written forms and their respective spoken forms.
Written Form - Spoken Form
[For detailed explanation, refer to (Verbs - Present, Past)]
go = 가다 - 가
come = 오다 - 와
do = 하다 - 해
eat = 먹다 - 먹어
give = 주다 - 줘
receive = 받다 - 받아
play = 놀다 - 놀아
sleep = 자다 - 자
run = 달리다 - 달려
teach = 가르치다 - 가르쳐
learn = 배우다 - 배워
These spoken forms are informal so you should only use them with very close friends.
하게체
constituent forms: V ~네, V ~세
This form is used by grandfathers and bosses; also, it has a slightly comical tone to it when used by people who are neither grandfather nor bosses, when used with somebody of equal status with the speaker.Used contemporarily by young men as they try to imitate old Korean speech in a funny way. Also, it can be heard in historical dramas (사극).
세: means LET`S DO IT. It is a form similar to 핮/합시다 but in the 하게체 form.
먹세 == 먹자/먹읍시다
There is, however, another use of 세 .... 게 is another member of this form and used to give instructions. 하게 == 해라.
하게 == 해라
A) 할아버지, 옷 왜 어러세요?
B) 그러네. 옷장에 셔츠 하나 빼게라
this was changed from 게 because 게 (하게체) is not used on children.
A) 죠셉 급한 사건이 하나 생겼네/급한 이메일이 왔네. 그를 먼저 하세
B) 네, 사장님. 알겠습니다.
A) 죠셉. 오늘이 박사장의 생일이야. 외식에 참석할 거지?
B) 아이고. 저까지 초대하더니. 가야지요.
아이고 can mean either (a) very happy, or (b) very sad
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