# Posted: 2 Nov 2006 22:35 KST - Edited by: jcs
... Re-Sideview ...
Okay, this is an overview of the games that Koreans can play on the tail end of a korean verb! Unfortunately, it"s a losing game for foreigners. The odds are stacked against us. They made so many as to frustruate us .... as to make us whine and waggle ... as to scream....
You will spend many hours in your Koren study studying the endings of verbs which are made by VST + some ending.
So, this is the overview which divides everything that can be done to a Korean verb into 3 groupings.
Details of the samples for the groupings (and examples of their usage) can be found in the grammar forum sections, here at ezcorean.com. There are three difficulty levels, which I have tried to make based on usage and simplicity: beginner grammar forum for beginners and the for intermediate connective endings, and the advanced grammar entries. In the outline below, if you follow the links you will get details and examples. On last count, I have about 600 of them cataloged, and mint has furnished many excellent examples.
Here, in this forum, I just want to outline them and outline them roughly.
Please note that this classification is for purposes of organization, and has no linguistic signification. That is, they are classified for the foreigner trying to learn the language; to learn any foreign language you have to know the rules, so here they are!
The three verb conjugative classes are as follows:
| dictionary verb form | (1) VST + ending | (2)VST + 아/아 + verb ending | (3)VST+ 으 + ending | | 먹다 | 먹고 | 먹어 | 먹으니 | | 신다 | 신고 | 신어 | 신으니 | | 믿다 | 믿고 | 믿어 | 믿으니 | | 울다 | 울고 | 울어 | (우니) |
Let"s see the 3 categories in action now.
Note: Unfortunately, all three categories have irregular verb forms .
1) VST + endings: endings which are added directly to the verb stem after dropping the 다 dictionary ending from the verb. This is a unique section because the verb ending is usually not changed; do I have to add the rider again that there are irregulars?
Note that the verb stem and the ending are in many cases collapsible because if the preceding syllable ends in a vowel, the ㅂ moves onto the preceding syllable as such:
A. Declarative: ㅂ니다
B. Interrogative: ㅂ니까
C: Imperative 십시오
D: Propositive (let"s) ㅂ시다
E: VST + 자 the informal propositive
F. connective endings which combine sentence fragments or signal the end of a thought. One example of a connective ending is VST + 고 .
G. The class of adnominal endings which make adjectives from descriptive verbs, so they can modify nouns like relative clauses do in English. The one that comes to mind is 던.
H. nominal endings which make a verb into a noun; a gerund is created with these verb endings. For example, VST + 기 makes the verb into a gerund.
I. adding 은/는 to adjectives before the noun they modify.
2) The 어/아 ending. Though being terminative, this special verb ending also has further functions such as combining two verbs into one, and other functions as well. The formation of this ending is discussed
the next section of this course
Examples:
A. 어도
B. 어서
C. 었다 the past tense formation
and others.... please see the conversation lists.
3) Adding 으 to the verb stem then adding another ending.
These are often listed in the literature using the syntax
because the 으 is included only if the preceding syllable ends in a consonant.
These formations are different from #2 above 어/아 ending because the verb stem doesn"t change in their formation.
Examples are:
A. -(으)러
B. 으면
C. 으니
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